The dietary supplement industry is undergoing a transformation driven by breakthroughs in microbiology, genomics, and biotechnology. As research uncovers deeper connections between nutrients, genetic expression, and human health, the next generation of supplements is poised to move beyond one-size-fits-all solutions toward highly personalized, evidence-based interventions. This section explores three cutting-edge fields redefining our understanding of supplementation: microbiome science, nutrigenomics, and neuroprotective botanicals. These areas represent the convergence of ancient wisdom and modern science, offering innovative strategies to optimize health, prevent disease, and address the unique biological needs of individuals.